ATELIER DE JACOPO ROBUSTI, DIT LE TINTORET (VENISE 1518 OU 1519-1594) ; ET MARIETTA TINTORETTO (VENISE VERS 1554-VERS 1590)

Portrait de Julien de Médicis, d’après Michel-Ange (recto) ; Tête d’un homme, d’après l’antique (verso)

成交價 歐元 100,000
估價
歐元 60,000 – 歐元 80,000
估價不包括買家酬金。成交總額為下鎚價加以買家酬金及扣除可適用之費用。
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ATELIER DE JACOPO ROBUSTI, DIT LE TINTORET (VENISE 1518 OU 1519-1594) ; ET MARIETTA TINTORETTO (VENISE VERS 1554-VERS 1590)

Portrait de Julien de Médicis, d’après Michel-Ange (recto) ; Tête d’un homme, d’après l’antique (verso)

成交價 歐元 100,000
拍品終止拍賣: 2021年3月24日
成交價 歐元 100,000
拍品終止拍賣: 2021年3月24日
細節
ATELIER DE JACOPO ROBUSTI, DIT LE TINTORET (VENISE 1518 OU 1519-1594) ; ET MARIETTA TINTORETTO (VENISE VERS 1554-VERS 1590)
Portrait de Julien de Médicis, d’après Michel-Ange (recto) ; Tête d’un homme, d’après l’antique (verso)
avec inscription ‘Questa testa/ si è di ma[no] de/ madona marietta’ (verso)
pierre noire, craie blanche, sur papier bleu
39 x 28 cm
WORKSHOP OF JACOPO ROBUSTI, CALLED IL TINTORETTO (VENICE 1518 OR 1519-1594); AND MARIETTA TINTORETTO (VENICE CIRCA 1554-CIRCA 1590)
Portrait of Giuliano de Medici, after Michelangelo (recto); Head of a man, after the antique (verso)
with inscription ‘Questa testa/ si è di ma[no] de/ madona marietta’ (verso)
black and white chalk, on blue paper
39 x 28 cm (15 ¾ x 11 in.)
來源
Collection Dubini, Milan.
Collection du Comte Rasini, Milan.
Thomas Williams Fine Art, Londres ; acquis par les propriétaires actuels en décembre 1998.

出版
S. Colvin, ‘Tintoretto at the British Museum – II’, The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, XVI, no 83, février 1910, p. 254 (verso).
A. Morassi, Disegni antichi dalla collezione Rasini in Milano, Milan, 1937, pls. 28, 29 (recto et verso, comme par Marietta Robusti).
U. Thieme, F. Becker et H. Vollmer, éds., Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, XXXIII, Leipzig, 1939, p. 199 (recto et verso, comme par Marietta Robusti).
H. Tietze et E. Tietze-Conrat, The Drawings of the Venetian Painters in the 15th and 16th Centuries, New York, 1944, I, p. 293, no 1762, II, pl. CXXIV (verso).
A.E. Popham and J. Wilde, The Italian Drawings of the XV and XVI Centuries in the Collection of His Majesty The King at Windsor Castle, Londres, 1949, p. 338, sous le no 959 (verso).
D.R. Coffin, ‘Tintoretto and the Medici Tombs’, The Art Bulletin, XXXIII, no 2, juin 1951, p. 120 (verso, comme par Marietta Robusti).
J. Byam Shaw, Old Master Drawings from Christ Church, Oxford, cat. exp., Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, et ailleurs, 1972-1973, p. 49, sous le no 72 (recto et verso, comme par Marietta Robusti).
P. Rossi, I disegni di Jacopo Tintoretto, Florence, 1975 (Corpus graphicum, I), p. 50, sous le no 357 (recto).
J. Byam Shaw, Drawings by Old Masters at Christ Church, Oxford, Oxford, 1976, I, p. 204, sous le no 758 (comme par Marietta Robusti).
T. Pignatti, I grandi disegni italiani nelle collezioni di Oxford. Ashmolean Museum e Christ Church Picture Gallery, Milan, 1976, sous le no 41 (recto et verso, comme par Marietta Robusti) [edition en anglais : Italian Drawings in Oxford. From the Collections of the Ashmolean Museum and Christ Church, Oxford, 1976].
S. Bailey, ‘Metamorphoses of the Grimani “Vitellius”’, Getty Museum Journal, V, 1977, p. 109 (verso).
R. Krischel, Tintoretto, Reinbek, 1994 (Rowohlts Monographien, DXII), pp. 62, 65 (verso).
R. Krischel, ‘Tintoretto and the Sister Arts’, dans Tintoretto, cat. exp., Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado, 2007, p. 119, fig. 57 ; F. Ilchman et E. Saywell, ibid., p. 359, sous le no 50 (verso).
M.G. Mazzucco, Jacomo Tintoretto e i suoi figli, Milan, 2009, pp. 259-260, ill. (verso).
L. Arizzoli, ‘Marietta Robusti in Jacopo Tintoretto’s Workshop. Her Likeness and her Role as a Model for her Father’, Studi di Storia dell’Arte, XXVII, 2016, p. 113, n. 19 (verso).
A.J. Savage, ‘Marietta Robusti, la Tintoretta: A Critical Discussion of a Venetian Pittrice’, mémoire de M.A., Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, 2018, pp. 42-43, fig. 15 (recto et verso, comme attribué à Marietta Robusti).
C. Whistler, Venice and Drawing, 1500-1800. Theory, Practice and Collecting, New Haven et Londres, 2016, p. 181 (verso).
J. Marciari, Drawing in Tintoretto’s Venice, cat. exp., New York, The Morgan Library and Museum, 2018-2019, p. 99 (verso).
U. Schneider in Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. Die bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker, CIX, Berlin, 2020, p. 257 (verso).
注意事項
ƒ: In addition to the regular Buyer’s premium, a commission of 5.5% inclusive of VAT of the hammer price will be charged to the buyer. It will be refunded to the Buyer upon proof of export of the lot outside the European Union within the legal time limit. (Please refer to section VAT refunds)
更多詳情
The drawings associated with the great Venetian painter Jacopo Tintoretto belong generally to one of two categories: figure drawings related to his paintings, or drawings after sculpture. While the former focus on the outlines of the pose of a figure, the latter, in contrast, are more about the effects of light and shadow. Over a hundred are known, and, as John Marciari has recently argued, most should be considered the work of studio assistants, probably made as exercises either after a sculpture, or after a study by the master of a sculpture.(1) The models most frequently used seem to have been a small bronze after Michelangelo depicting Samson and the Philistines, as well as Michelangelo’s Medici tombs in the Sagrestia Nuova at San Lorenzo in Florence, and an antique bust, on which more below.

The handsome – and idealized – features on the recto of the drawing under discussion are those of Giuliano de’ Medici (1479-1516), son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, as in the full-length statue on his tomb in San Lorenzo (fig. 1). The draughtsman focused solely on the sculpture’s head, emphasizing its downward tilt, as if the model was deep in thought. With powerful vertical strokes ‘like heavy rain,’ (2) he created areas of deep shadow, contrasting with the lighter passages and the highlights. As with most of the sculpture drawings from Tintoretto’s circle, the draughtsmen may have worked after a replica of the sculpture (or part of it), rather than the original in Florence; such a replica would have allowed the artist to depict the model from angles which cannot be easily viewed in the chapel.

Paola Rossi’s 1975 catalogue of Tintoretto’s drawings accepts three depicting Giuliano’s head as autograph, one in Frankfurt and two in Oxford.(3) One of the sheets in the latter collection is identical in point of view to the present sheet.(4) Much weaker are two studies on a double-sided sheet in Florence.(5) Whoever may have been the author of the Oxford drawing, it is certainly less well preserved than the present sheet, which is in excellent condition, with the medium and the blue pigment of the paper practically intact.

The long bibliography on the drawing mostly concerns its verso, which is here reproduced in colour for the first time. Quite different in style from the study on the recto, it is by a different hand, identified in a large inscription stating that ‘this head is by the hand of madonna Marietta’, i.e. Tintoretto’s beloved daughter, sometimes nicknamed ‘Tintoretta’. The handwriting may be, in fact, that of her father.(6) Mentioned and praised by Tintoretto’s early biographers and the subject of several recent studies (see Bibliography), she is said to have been born from an affair the painter had with a German woman. She was well-educated and a gifted musician, and as a young girl, she was dressed as a boy, which granted her access to a world in which most girls at that time could not participate. Like many other female artists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such as Artemisia Gentileschi and Elisabetta Sirani, Marietta was trained as a painter by her father, and appears to have been an able portraitist. However, the drawing presented here, or at least its verso, is the only work to carry a secure attribution to her, and indeed one of the very few works in the group of sculpture drawings from Tintoretto’s studio with a secure attribution.

The drawing’s subject is the head of a portly man, drawn after a cast recorded in Tintoretto’s studio of a marble bust discovered in Rome, thought to represent the emperor Vitellius, and owned by Cardinal Domenico Grimani, who brought it to Venice in 1523 (fig. 2).(7) The drawing confirms the early accounts of Marietta’s life and activity as a gifted member of her father’s studio, who worked as an equal alongside some of her brothers as well as other male assistants. Moreover, as a drawing by a female artist of the sixteenth century, it is of the greatest rarity, and a powerful reminder both of the possibilities enjoyed, and the restrictions experienced by artistically inclined women of the past.

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