1932年,里希特出生於德國德累斯頓,後於當地藝術學院就讀。還在求學的他為德國衛生博物館完成了早期壁畫作品《生活的樂趣》(1956年作)。1961年逃離東德後,里希特入讀杜塞爾多夫藝術學院,並在那裡結交了西格瑪爾‧波爾克、康拉德·盧埃格,及布林其·帕勒莫等藝術家好友。
里希特正式開始的創作生涯始於一系列以照片為藍本的作品。多年來,他蒐集了大量圖片檔案,並將其稱為《地圖集》(Atlas)。他的許多作品著眼於德國的傷痕過往,包括他繪畫姨媽瑪麗安、叔叔盧迪及巴德爾-邁因霍夫團伙的肖像。此外,他筆下的海洋、雲彩、風景、蠟燭和骷髏亦體現出他對藝術史的回顧。里希特亦創作親密溫情的畫作,包括1988年為女兒貝蒂所作的肖像畫。他以無懈可擊的照相現實主義手法重現圖片檔案中的模糊與不完美之處,並藉此揭示所有表象形式都在一定程度上包含幻覺。他認為無論是攝影還是繪畫,都無法完全代表現實。
與此同時,里希特亦開始探索抽象繪畫,首批實驗作品包括《色表》、《Inpainting》扭抹畫,及灰階單色畫等系列畫作。1980年代初,他發現「刮除」(Squeegee)這種全新畫法,顛覆了自己的創作歷程。他在多層顏料尚未乾透時以刮板擦拭,讓畫面顯現出如大理石一般的紋路和色彩,令人心醉神迷。熟悉的元素在畫面深處閃耀微光。1990年代初,里希特已經熟練掌握了這一創作技巧。此時期的《抽象畫》在拍場上屢破紀錄。其他作品亦反映出他對音樂的興趣,包括其知名的《巴赫》及《凱奇》系列畫作。
里希特在創作生涯中探索多種媒材,包括版畫、素描、油彩塗抹的相片、彩色墨水及掛毯等。《辛巴達》等系列作品在玻璃背面作畫,而《條紋》系列作品則採用數碼科技創作。時至今日,里希特的創作歷程依然是二十世紀最有前瞻性的藝術探索之一。
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