ST AUGUSTINE and Pseudo-Augustinus, Works in Latin, ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT ON VELLUM
[north-eastern Italy, early 15th century]
232 x 162 mm. 140 leaves: 1-1410, COMPLETE, 39 lines written in a neat semi-gothic script in brown ink between two verticals and 40 horizontals ruled in lead, justification: 160 x 92 mm, horizontal catchwords in centre lower margin on final versos, original foliation in roman numerals in centre upper margin of each recto, running titles and marginal corrections in a hand very similar to that of the text, neat later marginalia in several hands, rubrics in red, FOURTEEN ILLUMINATED INITIALS 8-21 lines high in leafy patterns of red, orange, blue and green with white tracery on square grounds of liquid gold, two-line initials in red or blue flourished red (minor losses to lower blank margin of first 8 leaves, occasional slight smudging). 18th-century German blind-tooled pigskin over thin wooden boards, two clasps (lacking one clasp, extremities slightly worn, damage to outer lower corners of covers).
PROVENANCE:
1. Weissenau, Premonstratensian abbey in Wrttemberg; 18th-cent. inscription on f.1: 'Bibliothecae Weissenaviensis'
2. Isfried Winkler (d. 1834), canon of Weissenau from 1785 until the secularization in 1803, last librarian of the abbey, after 1803 parish priest in Obereschach (Wrttemberg); inscription as noted under 3 below
3. Joseph Korros, who was perhaps a relative of Johann Christoph Korros (abbot of Weissenau, 1696-1704), the gift of Isfried Winkler; inscription on front flyleaf: 'Plurimum Reverendo Domino Josepho Korros NeoMystae die 6ta Septembris 1827. Hunc librum manuscriptum dedicat Isfridus Winkler Parochus in OberEschach, Olim capitularis in Weissenau Canonici Ordini Praemonstratensis.'
CONTENT:
ff.1-10v Sermo de symbolo et fide contra paganos et hereticos vel iudeos (Quodvultdeus, Sermo 4; Patrologia latina 42, 1117 = Clavis patrum latinorum 404); ff.10v-15v De disciplina christianorum (Augustinus, Sermo de disciplina christiana; PL 40, 669 = CPL 310); ff.15v-21 De predestinatione . (Pseudo-Augustine, Hypomnesticon, book 6; PL 45, 1657 = CPL 381); ff.21-24 Sermo de natiuitate domini (Pseudo-Augustinus, Sermo in natale domini [Augustinus, Sermo 117]; PL 39, 1977 = CPL 1006); ff.24-41v De mendatio (Augustinus, De mendacio; PL 40, 487 = CPL 303); ff.41v-55v De perfectione iusticie (Augustinus, De perfectione iustitiae hominis; PL 44, 291 = CPL 347); ff.55v-66 De cura pro mortuis gerenda (Augustinus, De cura pro mortuis gerenda, PL 40, 591 = CPL 307); ff.66-67 Sermo de consolatione mortuorum (Augustinus, Sermo 172 [part]; PL 38, 936 = CPL 284); ff.67-71 Expositio supra symbolum (Augustinus, Sermo 213; PL 38, 1065 = CPL 284); ff.71-72v De resurrectione mortuorum (Augustinus, De civitate dei, book 20, chap. 2; PL 41, 687 = CPL 313); ff.72v-74 An statim in aduentu domini credendum sit futurum iudicium (Augustinus, De octo Dulcitii quaestionibus, questio 3; PL 40, 158 = CPL 291); ff.74-90v De spiritu et anima (?Alcher of Clairvaux, De spiritu et anima; PL 40, 779); ff.91-103v De vita christiana (Pelagius, Liber de vita christiana; PL 40, 1031 = CPL 730); ff.103v-122v De videndo deum (Augustinus, Epistola 147; PL 33, 596 = CPL 262); ff.122v-134v De decem cordis . (Augustinus, Sermo 9; PL 38, 75 = CPL 284), preceded by four elegaic couplets, inc.: Iste liber modico tenuis sit Aorpore quamuis (H. Walther, Versanfnge mitttellateinischer Dichtungen , no. 9619); ff.134v-140v Exhortatio quedam notabilis ad sacerdotes qui raro legunt missam . Inc.: Quando vox illa iusticie auribus meis insonuit... A dialogue between a bishop and a priest.
St Augustine of Hippo (354-430) was perhaps the most influential of the four Fathers of the Latin church. His works remained fundamental to Christian teaching and doctrine throughout the Middle Ages. Not only were his sermons and treatises frequently copied, but Augustine's very reputation attracted wishful and spurious attributions of sermons and treatises by others, which then came to be regarded as part of the corpus of his writings. With the Renaissance, there was if anything a renewal of interest in him. Petrarch's devotion is especially well known: he owned manuscripts of several of Augustine's works, admired the Confessions in particular, and famously quoted Augustine in the height of his emotion upon climbing Mont Ventoux. Other humanists read, used and imitated works thought to be by Augustine. Moreover, in the Italian Renaissance, Augustine and the other Latin Church Fathers were regarded by the humanists as representatives of ancient Latin literature and made subject to the new methods of editing and commentary developed for the study of classical Latin texts.
The present manuscript nicely illustrates these trends. It includes a mixture of genuine and spurious works, all attributed here to Augustine himself. The script in which it was copied is a version of the reformed semi-gothic script that became quite popular in northern Italy after Petrarch's time, and its text shows evidence of careful study and collation. The basic and abundant set of topical marginalia and variant readings is so neatly accomplished as to suggest that these may have been copied by the original scribe from his source. His interest in questions of textual accuracy is also shown by the fact that he left ff.18v-19 blank, noting in the margin at this point that 'here one leaf [of the source manuscript] is missing, there is quite a bit [of text] lacking'. Later readers added a variety of notes, one on f.57 perhaps in an English hand, others by German readers.
The Premonstratensian abbey of Weissenau, near Lake Constance, was founded in 1145 and secularized in 1803. By the end of the twelfth century it had a notable scriptorium (S. Michon, Le grand passionaire enlumin de Weissenau et son scriptorium autour de 1200 , Geneva 1990). From an early period the works of St Augustine were well represented in its library (P. Lehmann, Mittelalterliche Bibliothekskataloge Deutschlands und der Schweiz , vol. 1, Munich 1918, pp.407-412). The acquisition of the present manuscript shows that this interest continued. At the time of the suppression, a significant collection of manuscripts and books was kept by the last abbot, Bonaventura Brem, while other books from the Weissenau library made their way in substantial numbers to Prague, St Petersburg and Berlin among other places. The present codex may have been among those kept by Brem but it is most likely to have remained in the personal possession of Isfried Winkler, the last librarian of the Abbey. He was one of only four canons to renew his vows after the secularization and remain a member of the informal religious community that continued to exist around Brem until his death in 1818. Some 200 medieval manuscripts from Weissenau are known to survive in public collections (S. Krmer, Handschriftenerbe des deutschen Mittelalters , Munich 1989, pp. 818-822), but this is only the third to be offered at auction during the past quarter-century.
Christie's thanks Professor Albinia de la Mare for her assistance in cataloguing this manuscript.